3. Direct & Indirect Speech, Change of Tense/ Change of Certain Words, Narration of 10th English B by AG Ahmad

 

Narration

Direct & Indirect Speech

iv. Change of Tense

When the reporting speech is in Present or Future tense

(say, say to, says, says to, will say, will say to,

has/have said, has/have said to), then the tense of the reported is not changed.

 When the reporting speech is in past tense (said, said to),

then Tense of the Reported is changed thus.

1. Present Indefinite Tense                      into   Past Indefinite Tense

2. Present Continuous Tense                  into   Past Continuous Tense

3. Present Perfect Tense                          into   Past Perfect Tense

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense       into   Past Perfect Continuous Tense        

5. Past Indefinite Tense                           into   Past Perfect Tense         

6.     Past Continuous Tense                       into   Past Perfect Continuous Tense

7. Will, Shall                                           into   Would

8. Can                                                      into   Could

9. May                                                     into   Might

10. Had, Might, Must, Should, Would, Could  No Change

v) Change of Certain Words

Change

1.  This             into             That

2.        These          into             Those

3.        Now            into             Then

4.        Thus           into             So

5.        Ago             into             Before

6.        Here            into             There

7.        Today                   into             That day

8.        Tonight       into             That night

9.        Tomorrow  into             The next day

10.   The next day        into             The following day

11.   Yesterday   into             The previous day

12.   Last night   into             The previous night

13.   Remove all these words

 Good morning, Good noon, Good afternoon, Good evening

·           At the place of “said” write “greeted”.

Ø  Direct Speech: -   He said, “Uncle, good morning”.

Indirect Speech: - He greeted his uncle.

14.   These words are not changed,

Good night, Good bye, Farewell.

·           They are written after “said”.                                       

·           At the places of “commas” write “to”.

Ø  Direct Speech: -    He said, “Good night, mother”.

Indirect Speech: - He said good night to mother.

15.   Sir or Madam is changed into “respectfully”.

·           “Respectfully” is written after “said”.                                            

·           At the place of “commas” write “that”.

Ø  Direct Speech: -   He said, “Sir, This is difficult”.

Indirect Speech: - He said respectfully that that was difficult.

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