7. Infinitive/Participle/Gerund, 9th/10th 12/2nd MDCAT (Entry Test) English by AG Ahmad

 

The Infinitive

            The infinitive is the base of a verb, often followed by ''to'', such as,

·        I want to go.

·        They tried to find fault.

·        Birds love to sing.

After certain verbs like (bid, let, make, need, dare, see, hear) we use these infinitives without ''to”, such as,

·        Bid him go there.                    

·        Let him sit here.

·        I made him run.

·        You need not do it.

·        You dare not do it.

·        I saw him do it.

·        I heard him cry.

The Participle

      A participle is that form of verb which has the nature of both a verb and an adjective, such as,

·        Hearing the noise, the boy woke up.

·        We met a girl carrying a basket.

·        A rolling stone gathers no moss.

Kinds of Participle

i. Present Participle:-

         Present participle is that form of verb which ends with ''-ing'' and shows an action is going or incomplete, such as,

·        We met a girl carrying a basket of flowers.

·        Hearing the noise, the boy woke up.

·        Loudly knocking at the door, he demanded admission.

(We call it iv form of verb).

 ii. Past Participle:-

      Past participle is that form of verb which shows a completed action or state of the thing spoken of such as,

·        Blinded by a dust storm, they fell into disorder.

·        Deceived by his friends, he lost all hope.

·        Driven by hunger he stole a piece of bread.

             (We call it 3rd form of verb)

iii. Participle Phrase:-

                The phrase ''Hearing the noise'' which it introduced by a participle, is called a participle phrase.

·        Hearing the noise, the boy woke up.

·        Knocking at the door, he demanded admission.

(According to its use here, it is an adjective phrase)

iv. Participle Adjective:-

           The participle which is used as simple qualifying adjective in front of a noun is called participle adjective, such as,

·        A rolling stone gathers no moss.

·        We had a drink of sparking water.

·        The creaking door awakened the dog.

·        A lying witness ought to be punished.

The Gerund

             A gerund is that form of a verb which ends with ''-ing'' and has the nature of a noun and a verb, such as,

·        Playing cards is not allowed here.

·        I like reading poetry.

·        He is fond of hoarding money.

Difference between Auxiliary verb and Modal verb

i Auxiliary verb:-

The verbs be (am, is, was, etc),have and do, when used with ordinary verbs to make tenses, passive forms, questions, negatives, are called auxiliary verbs or auxiliaries.

ii Modal verb:-

The verbs can, could, may, might, will, shall, would, should, must, and ought are called modal verbs or modals. They are used before ordinary verbs to express meanings, such as, permission, possibility, certainty, necessity. Need and dare can sometimes be used like modal verbs.

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